Wednesday, June 14, 2006
Nijole Miliauskaite
Nijole Miliauskaite (1950 - 2002) was one of the two most important post-World War II poets of Lithuania (the other is her husband Vytautas Bloze). She was born in the village of Keturvalakai in a country devastated by the political and military events of the previous decade: Lithuania had been occupied by Soviet forces in 1939, the Nazis in 1942, and the Soviets again in 1944; as a result of the Soviet occupations, as much as one third of the population had been executed or transported to the Siberian gulags while another large number had fled to the West, and military action between Soviet forces and partisans was still continuing at the time of her birth. As a consequence, she was born into a family deeply poverty-stricken like most Lithuanian families at the time. By the age of 10, her parents had been forced by circumstances to send her to an orphanage, where she spent several years. She was able to to attend the University of Vilnius, obtaining a degree in literature and an editorial position. It was at this time that she came into personal contact with the dissident poet Vytautas Bloze whom she later married. But he himself had his work banned by the KGB for anti-Soviet tendencies, and both of them lost their status as registered residents which meant they couldn't hold any state-provided job or subsidy, couldn't qualify for either food or housing and were forced to depend on friends for both, and were constantly spied on and harrassed by the KGB. In the early 70's, he became ill and was hospitalized in a mental institution where he was given inadequate and improper medical treatment (a common practice for known dissidents) which further damaged his health. They were married during this period; eventually, after 10 years, he was released, and she nursed him back to health, working long hours at such jobs as dollmaking and embroidering tablecloths, all the while continuing to write poetry. Finally, their lives improved in 1991 when Lithuania successfully broke away from the Soviet Union. Both she and her husband were recognized as major poets of their language, and both were able to publish their work openly and without censorship, including much work that had been surpressed during the Soviet era; she particularly was honored with a number of important awards (the Writer's Union Prize in 1996 and the Lithuanian National Award in 2000). She died in 2002 at the age of 52 of breast cancer. An excellent detailed memoir/critical assessment of her and her work by Laima Sruoginis is available here.
Although she doesn't dwell on her experiences in the orphanage, Miliauskaite does consider how the experience has affected the person she has become in this untitled poem:
Although she doesn't dwell on her experiences in the orphanage, Miliauskaite does consider how the experience has affected the person she has become in this untitled poem:
all the fears of childhood
all the dreams of terror
nightmares, the loneliness of children
the sense of guilt
a face pale as the sky fades
and longing
for something to free her
rescue her
a timid girl
still hides
in the soul's secluded rooms
in weeds, mirrors, wind
old photographs
I cannot chase her away
how cold
how thin are her hands
on your palms, my love
***
she knows nothing
she understands nothing
but when she furrows her brow
and listens to the voices
of her clouded spirit
joy
floods her suddenly
like heavy breathing
incomprehensible sweet sorrow
how good it is
to grieve and wait
her body aches, still grows
wants to be alone
tries on mother's clothes
changes
feverishly
chooses herself a name
searches books for a suitable biography
of unattractive face, reserved
gaping at a glass ball
at a float swilled by the sea
at a mirror
is hungry
to see
her purpose
her destiny
your
face
***
by the river, farther on, beyond the border
the red convent school
where you grew up, a timid frightened
thing
a distrustful
look, two teeth
hidden in the mouth, a watchfully guarded
square of solitude
what arrogance
of the one that you once were
the sweet taste of rebellion
that first touched your palate
in the convent school
what belief
in the self
and life to come
of the one
that you once were
***
blushing you lower your eyes
and you have no place to put your long
twig-thin arms, you hide your breasts
beneath heavy braids, under pleats and folds
on the avenue
of old hollow linden trees
head and lap
full of yellow blossoms –
I love this summer, these
brick buildings,
a large cool poultice
for a fevered
growing spirit
I would joyfully throw off
this worn orphan's dress
made of the devil's hide, wool, the strongest
fabric of poverty
worn by many girls
before me
and that outgrown washed out dress, filled
with the kitchen's stifling air and vapors
and the alkali that eats at the hands,
with patched elbows,
the dress that cannot be worn out –
the feel of the orphanage
that does not leave you
even if you molt your skin
I hide it
at the very bottom
under old
books I have read in secret
in the stuffy darkness of the eaves
and slam shut
the heavy
iron
lid
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
She also explores the past of her family, particularly -- as in this unnamed poem -- through photographs:
a few old photographs from among those
we would look at on Sundays
together with my grandmother, taking one at a time
from the wooden box: this is my brother Praniukas,
my sister Agotėlė, there, the collective,
the threshing-machine, neighbors
the school, at the other end of the cottage (girls
with short hair, bangs to their eyebrows, boys
with shaved heads, the teacher with hair in a crown
of braids), here they scatter
flowers, there are my relatives, at some service
(most likely the feast of St. Stanislaus),
your grandfather, with a giant mustache, when we lived
in the Malijonušės' house, here's you, still small, and
me, in Marijampolė, here's the bridge across the Šešupė,
there's the servant girl, a cat in her arms, your father
(I wonder if he's still alive), a funeral, me
with a flock of geese, and here we are, with both girls
(so serious, in white holiday dresses, that's my mother
and my aunt Zoselė), and here we are, look, when we came
home
old-fashioned, funny clothes, copied gestures
in our faces concentration and patience
the dialect, easily recognizable, sung intonations, odd words
already so familiar that we are sorry
when they fade away
work, more important than anything else
and in the evening the fragrance of the garden
beneath the window
to gather all this, put it
safely, like a photograph, into a black box.
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
Exploring the past, not just of herself and her family but of her society, as well, is important as a way of coming to define what values are important, as in the following poem:
"They Tell of the Warsaw Uprising"
– I was nineteen
with flamethrowers
(it was a new weapon then)
from house
to house
I slipped
on the stairs, hurt myself – such
a sticky mass, jelly, something spilled, an open
door into the room, where
the parents slept, and here
a newborn
– did you understand then that you weren't fighting
the regular army
but civilians?
– I didn't see
anyone with a uniform
some had bands on their arms, some
had insignia
I later heard that one or another
crawled out from the piles of corpses
but there, where the flamethrowers passed,
no one was left
(he covers his face with his hands and weeps)
– I, she says, crawled out, I
one woman says
still only a girl
I went to the hospital
to visit my mother
they took us there, into that cellar (she points), people
fell and fell, I covered my head
with my hands (if only they wouldn't hit me
directly!) fell
and did not move
they hurt my shoulder, I was silent and didn't move, people
fell and fell, one on top of another
later
they left, I was afraid to move, suddenly
smelled smoke
I had such
long thick braids then, I pulled
a scarf from a corpse, tied it on –
I was most afraid that fire
would catch my hair
I choked
when I could no longer bear it
jumped through the fire –
– when the processing began
when it began
I couldn't sleep
(he weeps
the old
soldier)
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
She also talks about her relationship with Bloze, as in this poem that describes a visit to him in the psychiatric hospital where he was confined:
"The Visit"
endless corridors
the convent's interior garden
worn stairs
doors, white wards
numbing cold
fetters the feet, the hands
persistently hidden
eyes full of fear
with my last ounce of strength
I recognize
the walk, the movement of the arm
beneath the trees
on the grass people are eating
it is difficult to imagine
how much suffering there is
in waiting rooms, operating rooms, crossroads
a face
a selfish healthy joy
beyond the gates
summer, heat, wind blows
my hair and white dress, I need something to drink!
endless corridors
a labyrinth
silent madness
and perhaps: suicide
***
so much horror
in this peaceful landscape
as if it had been
stricken by paralysis
a scream remaining
behind clenched teeth
walked outside the windows
knocked about the attic
rummaged through the books and laundry
sniffed around all the corners
with a bat's sensitive ears
fixated on the hospital's heavy breathing
a paralyzed landscape
he lies with eyes open
face twisted
given up to your will
an aimed
blow to the belly
to the empty place below the ribs
the sky descends
like a metal press
from beneath which will spurt
the grape's acidic juices.
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
Further, she talks about her love for him and how it affects her:
in the damp places
near the well
I search for horsetail – so my hair
would be light and shiny
as silk
I crumble oak bark
cut up the roots of sweet-flag
and burdock
gather cones of hops
birch leaves
spread out and dry chamomile
in the dark
rinse with stinging nettles
so my hair
would be long and soft
when you see me sitting by the window
combing it with a comb of bone
so my braids
would bind your feet
at night
I bathe in the quiet
forest lake
in moonlight
spread my linens on the grass
secretly
brew you something to drink
from grasses gathered on St. John's night
from roots
from the waters of the well of life
from magic
o grasses of sleep, bitterly sweet
grasses
of oblivion
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
There are moments, though, when their situation and life leads her into a dark view of things:
once again spring
catches us by surprise, sudden implacable
where is that
sweet smell coming from, I find it: the poplar's
green buds, opening
all
the joys of spring
have become the sorrows
of this spring
the Madonna's right cheek
has been cut
twice by a sword – these are not tears
that roll down her face but drops of blood
the sky is clear, only the sun
seems covered with something
shines as if through smoked glass
I see you: an ordinary woman
expecting a baby
kneeling before a dark
picture
filled with endless tenderness
in your womb you carry degeneration
and death
(Translated by Johas Zdanys)
But at other moments she experiences a more optimistic hope:
"Even My Hands Are Restless"
even my hands are restless
laden with stiff laundry
taken from the clothesline
here in a small town
it can't be
that in your life not even you will ever
pull open the gate, enter a green yard, go to the orchard
where clean white laundry billows against a breeze
wholesome, fragrant
and where I would come to meet you
slow and quiet
as the last day of summer
(Translated by Laima Sruoginis)
The constant surveillance by the KGB even after he is released from the hospital takes its toll:
five years of wandering
through strange rooms
through hospitals
through uninhabited islands
how thin are the threads
that hold us together
with the world
how painful
the spider web
dying to break free
exhausted
fevered
we run, we run
searching for shelter
for a homeland
and our every step is documented
registered and evaluated
by the one
who follows us
and punishes
with silence, mishaps, suspicion, hopelessness
(Translated by Laima Sruoginis)
A home of their own is one of the things they both wish for:
you would like to live
in the old house
with thick walls and wide windowsills
on which you would sit embracing your knees
as darkness came
you would easily grow accustomed
to the cosy ghosts
of this house
and would listen to something
forgotten playing in the moonlight
sometimes an unfamiliar barefoot
child with a long nightgown would run in
and would ask you to take her on your knees
the stairs would creak, as if someone was climbing
above the ceiling steps, a cough
those hands that sewed
the covers of these chairs
have long since gone to dust
and the colors have faded
how much warmth
and love in these patterns
and you too will someday be
only a ghost
in an old house
(Translated by Jonas Zdanys)
But she also recognizes that, even once they have secured a permanent home, change and the desire for change will remain:
"Basic Overhaul"
in a frenzy I turn the whole house upside down
from basement to attic, amazing myself, I can't stop wondering
what imp has possessed me, it's really
so ludicrous
with no prior plan, although at times
it seems all predetermined inside me
I choose what to discard, what to give away and to whom
and who could even see a use for
any of the things I find, forgotten, useless
badly made
so many that are worthless, that now have nothing to say
yet were all so significant once
I leave no closet untouched, haul out
boxes and trunks, look the bookshelves over
pull out and turn all drawers upside down, even the secret ones
even those securely locked, with the jewels and photographs inside
in the evening, dusty, exhausted, my head
wrapped in cobwebs, I look into the clear
water cupped in my hands: yes, it's me
making changes and changing, desperate for change
(Translated by Vyt Bakaitis)
In these two untitled poems to a friend's daughter, she thinks about part of what her life has cost her:
(1)
I look at you
as you sleep
in the wicker bed
where so many children
have slept before
my best friend's
little daughter
your breath is like warm waves
with the smell of fragrant
chamomile blossoms and of milk
it fills the whole house
your dream
passes on to me
so quiet, so peaceful
could there be
an angel
bending over you – with
golden transparent wings
somewhat like a dragonfly's
you grow in your sleep
too quickly, too fast
I think of nothing
I just keep looking
at a sleeping child
only a child
could
perhaps
make peace
between me and the world
* * *
(2)
you rushed in
laughing
such a sweet little thing
one summer day
a few years ago
rushed into my life
and you're still there
holding your breath
wide-eyed,
you are watching me
as I unwrap a doll:
first the head, then
two arms, body, legs,
it says hi to you
I made it
just for you
and you
press it to
your heart
wordlessly
in this so
incredibly clear
sun-washed field.
magic child,
you will never be mine
(Translated by Grazina M. Slavenas)
There have been other costs, as well:
"Doll Maker"
a murky profile
in the window; lamp light glares against yellowish curtains
jerks forward, swings round
bends again
dumb shadow, stranger to all
you sit beyond midnight, sewing dolls
look, your friend, your confidant – the moon
is rising
shred by shred, pattern by pattern
day after day
each doll is always different; her expressions vary
as if alive –
hairdos, clothing, everything, yes everything
suits a social position, a class
only, does anyone need her?
will anyone deliver her
into out-stretched hands, will anyone's heart
beat faster, from joy
you seat Piero by the mirror –
sad, pale, in shiny satin
clothing, you move towards the window
to talk with the moon
to complain, to seek comfort:
– each one of them
carries away a scrap
of my soul
(Translated by Laima Sruoginis)
But there has also been gain:
small willowtree, in full bloom
in a yard winter left cluttered, at the tail
end of april, locked in by the everyday
flowering as if inspired
a cloud
drifted down from the sky
is what you are like, with your yellow tinge, soft
as the touch of a hand
that has an exotic fragrance, all covered with bees
I was blind, not having seen you for so many years
till today
you opened
yourself to me, unexpectedly, in all
your beauty
a buzzing
cloud, grown
radiant in the immensity of spring
at this moment, your soul is
that close: shockingly clear
(Translated by Vyt Bakaitis)
And not the least has been the strength to endure and to recognize what has been gained out of suffering:
"Time to Transplant"
this spring I must transplant, it's about time
my aloe, old, gnarled
aloe vera, treasured beyond words
by those who know its healing qualities
hidden deep within
what a tangle of roots, tiny ones, thick ones
so tight that there is no way
I can remove it, no matter what I do,
I grab a rock and smash the vase
and why, after all,
were you so stubborn, clinging
to the clay walls of the vase
with all your strength?
what was it you were holding onto?
don't scratch me, don't scrape my arms
don't tell me you liked
your prison, narrow and poor as it was,
where you never had enough water or food, after all
you'll get a new vase, spacious and beautiful!
my soul, don't tell me that you too
are clutching at the unstable
temporary walls
of your prison
(Translated by Laima Sruoginis)
NOTE: There is an extensive collection of Nijole Miliauskaite's poetry available online here.
Sunday, June 04, 2006
Shuntaro Tanikawa
Shuntaro Tanikawa (1931 - ) is one of the most important post-war poets of Japan. The son of a philosopher and a concert pianist, he began publishing his work at the age of 19 and quickly became a leading figure in Japanese poetry; believing, as a number of Japanese poets did in the wake of World War II, that traditional Japanese poetry was too restrictive and outmoded and that traditional Japanese culture had been destroyed, he turned to Western poetry and society for subjects and forms and drew widely, seeking to find not a national poetry or identity but what he has called a more "universal consciousness." He has been enormously prolific, producing well over 60 collections of poetry as well as a wide variety of other work including songs, radio and television dramas, film scripts, libretti, plays for children, and translations of such work as Mother Goose nursey rhymes and the Peanuts comic strip. And his poetry itself has exhibited great variety in both form (from sonnets and other formal structures to free verse and prose poems) and subject.
One of his earliest published poems (and one of his best-known and best-loved pieces in Japan) shows Tanikawa already beginning to search outside his own culture for answers:
"Nero"
(to a loved little dog)
Nero
another summer is coming soon
your tongue
your eyes
your napping in the afternoon
now clearly live again before me.
You knew but about two summers
I already know eighteen summers
and now I can remember various summers
both of my own and not my own:
the summer of Maisons-Lafitte
the summer of Yodo
the summer of the Williamsburg Bridge
the summer of Oran
so I am wondering
about the number of summers
that humanity has already known.
Nero
another summer is coming soon
but it's not a summer when you were here
a different summer
a completely different summer.
A new summer is coming
I'll be learning various new things
beautiful things ugly things
things to cheer me things to sadden me
and so I ask --
what is it?
why is it?
what must be done?
Nero
you have died
without anyone being aware
you have gone far away alone
your voice
your touch
and even your feelings
now clearly live again before me.
But Nero
another summer is coming soon
a new infinitely vast summer is coming
and then
I'll probably be walking on
to meet the new summer
to meet autumn
to meet winter
to meet spring and
to expect a new summer again
in order to know all the new things
and
in order to answer
all my questions
myself.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
In another early poem, Tanikawa -- through the eyes of both Western science and science fiction -- explores the nature of human isolation:
"Two Billion Light-Years of Solitude"
Human beings on this small orb
sleep, waken and work, and sometimes
wish for friends on Mars.
I've no notion
what Martians do on their small orb
(neririing or kiruruing or hararaing)
But sometimes they like to have friends on Earth.
No doubt about that.
Universal gravitation is the power of solitudes
pulling each other.
Because the universe is distorted,
we all seek for one another.
Because the universe goes on expanding,
we are all uneasy.
With the chill of two billion light-years of solitude,
I suddenly sneezed.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa took the form of the sonnet to use as a vehicle for explorations of the concepts of love, isolation, and poetry itself, just as the form had been employed in the West:
from 62 Sonnets:
30
I won't let words rest.
At times they feel ashamed of themselves
and want to die, inside of me.
When that happens I'm in love.
In a world otherwise silent
people -- ony people -- chatter away.
what's more, sun and trees and clouds
are unconscious of their beauty.
A fast-flying plane flies int eh shape of a human passion.
Though the blue sky pretends to be a backdrop,
in fact there's nothing there.
When I canll out, in a small voice,
the world doesn't answer.
My words are no different from those of the birds.
54
I grew unwittingly apart
from the world in which I was born
and can no longer walk again
among the things of the earth.
We know that even love is a possession,
but we can't keep from praying
that life will go on.
And we accept the poverty of our prayers.
I can possess nothing,
though I love
trees, clouds, people.
I can only discard
my overflowing heart --
hesitant to call that an act of love.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
The difficulty of communication is a frequent theme in his work; despite the immense difficulties, however, we never stop making the attempt in one way or another:
from With Silence My Companion:
for Toru Takemitsu, Composer
Sound becoming sound
had begun to infest the blank white paper,
like mosquito larvae.
Urged
out of the void of his healed lungs and heart,
air is exhaled
to mingle with the air of spring.
No one is listening
but all ears are open; and now,
as wind purls a lace curtain,
come the savage cries of children at play.
Where sound had begun to wiggle
in one corner of that spacious sheet,
now a whole galaxy swirls . . . distantly.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa explores many subjects in his work; particularly effective is his erotic poetry:
"Porno-Bach"
Are those fingers, the ones playing Bach just now,
and these fingers really the same?
This thng of mine, getting long and getting short,
and not resembling a piano at all,
must be called a comical tool;
so how does this conventional thing
and the great Bach, by your soft fingers,
get joined together?
I, myself, have no idea!
Yet, that thing of yours and this of mine,
now the color of the naked heart,
feel so warm, so smooth
in endless surrender much like death,
and when in this transparent blood filled darkness
I unexpectedly seem to meet Bach face to face.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
He draws his ideas from many sources, such as this poem inspired by one of the lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein:
" 'My Favorite Things' "
'Raindrops on roses and whiskers on kittens,
Bright copper kettles and warm woollem mittens,
Brown paper packages tied up with strings --
These are a few of my favoruite things.'
--Oscar Hammerstein
No matter how much
I like a thing
actually owning it
soemwhat bores me.
And nomatter how much
I like that thing
not owning it
makes me somewhat resentful of it.
'Raindrops on rose and whiskers on kittens,
Bright copper kettles and warm woollen mittens, . . .'
Poor Oscar,
your forced rhymes
sound just awful.
Sometimes even the soul is flatulent.
I want a drink of water;
I'm very thristy.
Half a cup isn't enough; a hundred would drown me.
I like water.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Prose poetry is another form Tanikawa explored, as is the subject of identity:
"Scissors"
This thing lying on the desk is now being seen by my eyes. I could
pick it up at this moment. I could cut out a human figure with it. I might
even cut off all my hair. Though it's understood that murder is out of
the question.
Yet this thing also keeps getting rustier, blunter, and older. It's still
useful but it'll be thrown away before long. Although I have no way
of knowing whether it's made of ore from Chile or whether Krupp's
fingers have touched it, it's not hard to imagine that it will finally return
to its indeterminate destiny, moving away from its human formality
back to its original state. this thing here on the desk is at this moment
talking about such a time, not to anyone in particular but coldly, silently,
as if it were not doing that. People manufactured this for practical
purposes and yet it has inevitably come to exist here in this way before
and apart from any practical purpose it might have. It's something which
could be variously named -- not just "scissors." It already has countless
other names. Habit alone keeps me from using the other names. Or is
it out of self-defence?
Because this thing, existing like this, has the power to extract words
from me so that I go on being unreeled in this string of words and am
always on the dangerous verge of being reduced to a far more thinner
and feebler existence than that of the scissors.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa also is drawn to the idea of nonsense poems that yet are meaningful:
"Ball of Yarn"
Plump and snug and feathery,
a ball of yarn
rolls gaily down the street
and turns the corner.
No map, no thermos bottle,
the knitting abandoned,
it's already crossed the bridge
and passed the police station,
and now
turns another corner.
Three years ago
it was all five fingers
of a lovely glove.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
"Squash"
As of yesterday I am a squash
and no longer think at all.
I grow gradually fatter
even if I don't think.
And I aim to grow gradually tastier.
I feel just fine lying around
and rolling around in a field in a drizzle.
Last year I went over to Kiev
but now I can't budge an inch.
Two years ago a woman had my baby;
now women eat me.
Fate surprises you.
Just lying in a grocer's bin
is high adventure for a squash.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikaw was influencd by his translations of the Peanuts comic strip into inventing a new form, the "four-frame comic," a four-line poem each line of which represents the text from one panel of a comic strip:
from Four-Frame Comics:
3
Kachoo!
Ur-rufff
P-uuuuuu
Can't help having a body.
4
I lift the lid from a box;
replace it;
smash it.
Where in the world is meaning hiding?
6
A prehistoric elephant --
today's elephant --
a future elephant --
What is Time up to?
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
The family is another subject Tanikawa frequently deals with:
"Family Portrait"
Filled with water
There's a jar
Eating of gruel begins
Wooden spoons
Berry wine
All is supported
By a heavy table.
There's a man
Wearing coarse cloth
Sitting
Strog arms
Fierce beard
Eyes fixed
In a gaze
At a field still dark.
There's a woman
Large breasts
Coiled-up hair
Hot hands
On the man's shoulders.
There's a child
His curved brow
Smeared with dirt
As if surprised
He turns around.
The old people
In a picture on the wall
Beside a calendar
Are gently waiting
A dog like a bear
Yawns by the door.
At a simple altar
A flame is glowing
The night is quietly
Beginning to dawn.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
"Dad"
Dad's eating, staring striaght ahead,
looking at no one.
My younder brother tells him
his glasses are all steamed up from the rice.
He says yes and wipes them on his sleeve.
Im not sure
what's on his mind
but I'm pretty sure it's not me,
or my brother or mother, either.
If I ask him what he's thinking
he'll just say, "Nothing special."
Once I say a photo of dad as a boy.
He was standing in the middle of a big field
squinting hard from the sun.
He still has that expression sometimes.
He holds on to a bite of yam with his chopsticks.
A gold tooth shows when he opens his mouth.
Dad, I hope you live a long time.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Questions about his family may raise deeper and less easily answerable questions:
"Zoo"
Bathed by tree filtered sun,
my little girl rides a "monkey train"
when she comes closer I feel happy
when she goes away I feel sad
every third time around I failed pressing the shutter.
There are lots of families just like us
I don't feel happier than them
I don't feel less happy than them
yet, my mood slowly darkens.
The elephant raises and lowers its trunk
the crocodile continues to quiestly exist
the deer leaps
what kind of animal can I be called?
(Translated by Harold Wright)
He also raises questions about the nature of time:
"Growth"
age three
there was no past for me
age five
my past went back to yesterday
age seven
my past went back to topknotted samurai
age eleven
my past went back to dinosaurs
age fourteen
my past agreed with the texts at school
age sixteen
I look at the infinity of my past with fear
age eighteen
I know not a thing about time
(Translated by Harold Wright)
Ultimately, asking questions of one's self and of the universe is what being human means:
"Listening to Mozart"
The person listening to Mozart curls up like a child,
his eyes following the curled wallpaper as if it were the blue sky,
just as though his invisible sweetheart were whispering in his ear.
The melody annoys him in the shape of a question
which he cannot answer,
because it easily answers itself,
leaving him behind.
the lover's words so vulnerably spoken to the whole world . . .
a caress too tender to survive this earth . . .
a prophecy too cruel to be realized . . .
the "Yes" which rejects every possible "No!"
the person listening to Mozart stands up.
He shakes off the caress of mother-music
and walks downstairs towrad the street, looked for an answerable question.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
One of his earliest published poems (and one of his best-known and best-loved pieces in Japan) shows Tanikawa already beginning to search outside his own culture for answers:
"Nero"
(to a loved little dog)
Nero
another summer is coming soon
your tongue
your eyes
your napping in the afternoon
now clearly live again before me.
You knew but about two summers
I already know eighteen summers
and now I can remember various summers
both of my own and not my own:
the summer of Maisons-Lafitte
the summer of Yodo
the summer of the Williamsburg Bridge
the summer of Oran
so I am wondering
about the number of summers
that humanity has already known.
Nero
another summer is coming soon
but it's not a summer when you were here
a different summer
a completely different summer.
A new summer is coming
I'll be learning various new things
beautiful things ugly things
things to cheer me things to sadden me
and so I ask --
what is it?
why is it?
what must be done?
Nero
you have died
without anyone being aware
you have gone far away alone
your voice
your touch
and even your feelings
now clearly live again before me.
But Nero
another summer is coming soon
a new infinitely vast summer is coming
and then
I'll probably be walking on
to meet the new summer
to meet autumn
to meet winter
to meet spring and
to expect a new summer again
in order to know all the new things
and
in order to answer
all my questions
myself.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
In another early poem, Tanikawa -- through the eyes of both Western science and science fiction -- explores the nature of human isolation:
"Two Billion Light-Years of Solitude"
Human beings on this small orb
sleep, waken and work, and sometimes
wish for friends on Mars.
I've no notion
what Martians do on their small orb
(neririing or kiruruing or hararaing)
But sometimes they like to have friends on Earth.
No doubt about that.
Universal gravitation is the power of solitudes
pulling each other.
Because the universe is distorted,
we all seek for one another.
Because the universe goes on expanding,
we are all uneasy.
With the chill of two billion light-years of solitude,
I suddenly sneezed.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa took the form of the sonnet to use as a vehicle for explorations of the concepts of love, isolation, and poetry itself, just as the form had been employed in the West:
from 62 Sonnets:
30
I won't let words rest.
At times they feel ashamed of themselves
and want to die, inside of me.
When that happens I'm in love.
In a world otherwise silent
people -- ony people -- chatter away.
what's more, sun and trees and clouds
are unconscious of their beauty.
A fast-flying plane flies int eh shape of a human passion.
Though the blue sky pretends to be a backdrop,
in fact there's nothing there.
When I canll out, in a small voice,
the world doesn't answer.
My words are no different from those of the birds.
54
I grew unwittingly apart
from the world in which I was born
and can no longer walk again
among the things of the earth.
We know that even love is a possession,
but we can't keep from praying
that life will go on.
And we accept the poverty of our prayers.
I can possess nothing,
though I love
trees, clouds, people.
I can only discard
my overflowing heart --
hesitant to call that an act of love.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
The difficulty of communication is a frequent theme in his work; despite the immense difficulties, however, we never stop making the attempt in one way or another:
from With Silence My Companion:
for Toru Takemitsu, Composer
Sound becoming sound
had begun to infest the blank white paper,
like mosquito larvae.
Urged
out of the void of his healed lungs and heart,
air is exhaled
to mingle with the air of spring.
No one is listening
but all ears are open; and now,
as wind purls a lace curtain,
come the savage cries of children at play.
Where sound had begun to wiggle
in one corner of that spacious sheet,
now a whole galaxy swirls . . . distantly.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa explores many subjects in his work; particularly effective is his erotic poetry:
"Porno-Bach"
Are those fingers, the ones playing Bach just now,
and these fingers really the same?
This thng of mine, getting long and getting short,
and not resembling a piano at all,
must be called a comical tool;
so how does this conventional thing
and the great Bach, by your soft fingers,
get joined together?
I, myself, have no idea!
Yet, that thing of yours and this of mine,
now the color of the naked heart,
feel so warm, so smooth
in endless surrender much like death,
and when in this transparent blood filled darkness
I unexpectedly seem to meet Bach face to face.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
He draws his ideas from many sources, such as this poem inspired by one of the lyrics of Oscar Hammerstein:
" 'My Favorite Things' "
'Raindrops on roses and whiskers on kittens,
Bright copper kettles and warm woollem mittens,
Brown paper packages tied up with strings --
These are a few of my favoruite things.'
--Oscar Hammerstein
No matter how much
I like a thing
actually owning it
soemwhat bores me.
And nomatter how much
I like that thing
not owning it
makes me somewhat resentful of it.
'Raindrops on rose and whiskers on kittens,
Bright copper kettles and warm woollen mittens, . . .'
Poor Oscar,
your forced rhymes
sound just awful.
Sometimes even the soul is flatulent.
I want a drink of water;
I'm very thristy.
Half a cup isn't enough; a hundred would drown me.
I like water.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Prose poetry is another form Tanikawa explored, as is the subject of identity:
"Scissors"
This thing lying on the desk is now being seen by my eyes. I could
pick it up at this moment. I could cut out a human figure with it. I might
even cut off all my hair. Though it's understood that murder is out of
the question.
Yet this thing also keeps getting rustier, blunter, and older. It's still
useful but it'll be thrown away before long. Although I have no way
of knowing whether it's made of ore from Chile or whether Krupp's
fingers have touched it, it's not hard to imagine that it will finally return
to its indeterminate destiny, moving away from its human formality
back to its original state. this thing here on the desk is at this moment
talking about such a time, not to anyone in particular but coldly, silently,
as if it were not doing that. People manufactured this for practical
purposes and yet it has inevitably come to exist here in this way before
and apart from any practical purpose it might have. It's something which
could be variously named -- not just "scissors." It already has countless
other names. Habit alone keeps me from using the other names. Or is
it out of self-defence?
Because this thing, existing like this, has the power to extract words
from me so that I go on being unreeled in this string of words and am
always on the dangerous verge of being reduced to a far more thinner
and feebler existence than that of the scissors.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikawa also is drawn to the idea of nonsense poems that yet are meaningful:
"Ball of Yarn"
Plump and snug and feathery,
a ball of yarn
rolls gaily down the street
and turns the corner.
No map, no thermos bottle,
the knitting abandoned,
it's already crossed the bridge
and passed the police station,
and now
turns another corner.
Three years ago
it was all five fingers
of a lovely glove.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
"Squash"
As of yesterday I am a squash
and no longer think at all.
I grow gradually fatter
even if I don't think.
And I aim to grow gradually tastier.
I feel just fine lying around
and rolling around in a field in a drizzle.
Last year I went over to Kiev
but now I can't budge an inch.
Two years ago a woman had my baby;
now women eat me.
Fate surprises you.
Just lying in a grocer's bin
is high adventure for a squash.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Tanikaw was influencd by his translations of the Peanuts comic strip into inventing a new form, the "four-frame comic," a four-line poem each line of which represents the text from one panel of a comic strip:
from Four-Frame Comics:
3
Kachoo!
Ur-rufff
P-uuuuuu
Can't help having a body.
4
I lift the lid from a box;
replace it;
smash it.
Where in the world is meaning hiding?
6
A prehistoric elephant --
today's elephant --
a future elephant --
What is Time up to?
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
The family is another subject Tanikawa frequently deals with:
"Family Portrait"
Filled with water
There's a jar
Eating of gruel begins
Wooden spoons
Berry wine
All is supported
By a heavy table.
There's a man
Wearing coarse cloth
Sitting
Strog arms
Fierce beard
Eyes fixed
In a gaze
At a field still dark.
There's a woman
Large breasts
Coiled-up hair
Hot hands
On the man's shoulders.
There's a child
His curved brow
Smeared with dirt
As if surprised
He turns around.
The old people
In a picture on the wall
Beside a calendar
Are gently waiting
A dog like a bear
Yawns by the door.
At a simple altar
A flame is glowing
The night is quietly
Beginning to dawn.
(Translated by Harold Wright)
"Dad"
Dad's eating, staring striaght ahead,
looking at no one.
My younder brother tells him
his glasses are all steamed up from the rice.
He says yes and wipes them on his sleeve.
Im not sure
what's on his mind
but I'm pretty sure it's not me,
or my brother or mother, either.
If I ask him what he's thinking
he'll just say, "Nothing special."
Once I say a photo of dad as a boy.
He was standing in the middle of a big field
squinting hard from the sun.
He still has that expression sometimes.
He holds on to a bite of yam with his chopsticks.
A gold tooth shows when he opens his mouth.
Dad, I hope you live a long time.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)
Questions about his family may raise deeper and less easily answerable questions:
"Zoo"
Bathed by tree filtered sun,
my little girl rides a "monkey train"
when she comes closer I feel happy
when she goes away I feel sad
every third time around I failed pressing the shutter.
There are lots of families just like us
I don't feel happier than them
I don't feel less happy than them
yet, my mood slowly darkens.
The elephant raises and lowers its trunk
the crocodile continues to quiestly exist
the deer leaps
what kind of animal can I be called?
(Translated by Harold Wright)
He also raises questions about the nature of time:
"Growth"
age three
there was no past for me
age five
my past went back to yesterday
age seven
my past went back to topknotted samurai
age eleven
my past went back to dinosaurs
age fourteen
my past agreed with the texts at school
age sixteen
I look at the infinity of my past with fear
age eighteen
I know not a thing about time
(Translated by Harold Wright)
Ultimately, asking questions of one's self and of the universe is what being human means:
"Listening to Mozart"
The person listening to Mozart curls up like a child,
his eyes following the curled wallpaper as if it were the blue sky,
just as though his invisible sweetheart were whispering in his ear.
The melody annoys him in the shape of a question
which he cannot answer,
because it easily answers itself,
leaving him behind.
the lover's words so vulnerably spoken to the whole world . . .
a caress too tender to survive this earth . . .
a prophecy too cruel to be realized . . .
the "Yes" which rejects every possible "No!"
the person listening to Mozart stands up.
He shakes off the caress of mother-music
and walks downstairs towrad the street, looked for an answerable question.
(Translated by William I. Elliott and Kazao Kawamura)